RESUMO
OBJETIVO: Relatar o caso de um paciente pediátrico do sexo masculino com síndrome torácica aguda (STA) secundária à anemia falciforme, relacionando-o com a literatura.
DESCRIÇÃO DO CASO: Paciente masculino, 9 anos, iniciou com quadro de forte crise álgica associada a cefaleia e priapismo, sendo admitido no pronto-atendimento de um hospital terciário. Houve melhora do priapismo após hidratação e analgesia com morfina. Evoluiu com STA grave, pneumonia e derrame pleural. Iniciou uso de cefotaxima, clindamicina e claritromicina. Necessitou de ventilação mecânica, sendo encaminhado à unidade de terapia intensiva. No décimo dia apresentou sepse, sendo suspensas a cefotaxima e a clindamicina e iniciado esquema piperacilina + tazobactam + linezolina. Manteve claritromicina. No décimo segundo dia fez profilaxia para tromboembolismo pulmonar (TEP) com enoxaparina devido ao D-dímero aumentado. Foi confirmado um segundo TEP após alguns dias. Passou por três transfusões durante o internamento. Progressivamente, foi melhorando. No 36º dia recebeu alta, mantendo profilaxia para tromboembolismo até retorno e novos exames.
COMENTÁRIOS: Paciente teve a infecção e o TEP como possíveis causas para o desencadeamento da síndrome torácica. Assim como observado na literatura, a crise álgica antecipou a STA. Foram observadas alterações nos exames de imagem e laboratoriais compatíveis com quadros descritos por outros autores. A boa evolução foi reflexo do diagnóstico e do tratamento adequados.
Palavras-chave:
Anemia Falciforme, Priapismo, Embolia Pulmonar, Síndrome Torácica Aguda, Criança.
ABSTRACT
OBJECTIVE: To report the case of a male pediatric patient with acute chest syndrome (ACS) secondary to sickle cell anemia and compare it to other cases reported in medical literature.
CASE REPORT: A nine-year-old male child with severe pain associated with headache and priapism was admitted to the emergency department of a tertiary hospital. Priapism improved after hydration and analgesia with morphine. The patient developed severe ACS, pneumonia, and pleural effusion. He was started on cefotaxime, clindamycin, and clarithromycin. The patient required mechanical ventilation and was referred to intensive care. On the tenth day he developed sepsis. Therapy with cefotaxime and clindamycin was discontinued and the patient was prescribed piperacillin/tazobactam and linezolid. He was kept on clarithromycin. On the twelfth day, prophylaxis for pulmonary thromboembolism (PTE) with enoxaparin was introduced due to increased D-dimer. A second PTE was confirmed a few days later. The patient underwent three blood transfusions during hospitalization and improved gradually. He was discharged 36 days after admission and was kept on prophylactic care for thromboembolism until the next follow-up appointment and new tests were ordered.
COMMENTS: Infection and PTE were possibly involved in the development of acute chest syndrome. As observed in the literature, pain episodes occurred prior to ACS. The alterations observed in imaging and laboratory tests were consistent with conditions described by other authors. Good diagnosis and treatment led to patient recovery.
Keywords:
Anemia, Sickle Cell, Priapism, Pulmonary Embolism Acute Chest Syndrome Children.