RESUMO
OBJETIVO: Avaliar a aplicação do guideline de 2010 do Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) pelas equipes de obstetrícia e neonatologia de um hospital público terciário localizado no Rio de Janeiro, Brasil.
MÉTODOS: Estudo retrospectivo, com a revisão de prontuários das gestantes que realizaram swabs vaginal-retal no hospital entre 01/11/2014 e 31/10/2015. Dos 595 swabs obtidos, 122 eram positivos para Streptococcus agalactiae (SGB). Após excluídos prontuários incompletos, malformações e partos fora do hospital, totalizou-se 85 gestantes com swabs positivos, com seus respectivos 92 recém-nascidos.
RESULTADOS: A prevalência de colonização materna foi de 20,5%. A época da coleta do swab variou entre 18 e 39 semanas, sendo a média 34,9 semanas. Das 85 gestantes estudadas, 33 (38,9%) não receberam conduta correta, pois em 19 o parto ocorreu antes de 4 horas de antibiótico e em 14 não houve início da profilaxia quando esta era indicada. Dos 92 recém-nascidos estudados, 5 (5,4%) não receberam conduta correta devido, principalmente, a rastreio infeccioso desnecessário, e um rastreio considerado incompleto por não incluir hemocultura quando indicado pelo protocolo. Dos 86 recém-nascidos com conduta considerada adequada, 53 (61,6%) tiveram mães também adequadamente tratadas. Trinta e três (57,75%) dos tratados adequadamente tinham mães com conduta incorreta pela obstetrícia.
CONCLUSÕES: Apesar do protocolo do CDC 2010 para prevenção de sepse precoce pelo SGB estar implementado no hospital, ainda é possível detectar falhas na profilaxia intraparto materna e na avaliação do recém-nascido. Estas falhas na aderência ao protocolo representam oportunidades perdidas na prevenção da sepse precoce pelo SGB.
Palavras-chave:
Streptococcus agalactiae, Sepse Neonatal, Fidelidade a Diretrizes, Recém-Nascido, Gestantes.
ABSTRACT
OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the implementation of the 2010 Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) guidelines by the obstetrics and neonatology teams of a tertiary public hospital located in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
METHODS: This retrospective study included the medical records of pregnant women who underwent vaginal-rectal swabs at the hospital between Nov. 1, 2014 and Oct. 31, 2015. Of the 595 included swabs, 122 were positive for Group B Streptococcus (GBS). After excluding incomplete medical records, malformations, and women who delivered at other hospitals, 85 pregnant women with positive swabs and 92 newborns were included.
RESULTS: The prevalence of maternal colonization was 20.5%. The time to vaginal/rectal swab collection ranged from 18 to 39 weeks of gestation, with a mean of 34.9 weeks. Thirty-three of the 85 included pregnant women (38.9%) were not properly managed, since in 19 cases delivery occurred within less than four hours of antibiotic administration, and in 14 prophylaxis was not initiated when indicated. Five of the 92 included newborns (5.4%) were not properly managed, mainly due to unnecessary screening for infection; screening was incomplete in one case, since blood culture was not ordered although the guidelines in effect required it. Of the 86 newborns with management considered adequate, 53 (61.6%) had mothers who were also adequately managed. Thirty-three (57.75%) of the newborns managed adequately had mothers submitted to inadequate obstetric management.
CONCLUSIONS: Although the 2010 CDC guidelines for prevention of early sepsis by GBS has been implemented in the hospital, we have detected failures in maternal intrapartum prophylaxis and newborn assessment. Failure to adhere to the established guidelines yields missed opportunities to prevent early-onset GBS sepsis.
Keywords:
Streptococcus agalactiae, Neonatal Sepsis, Guideline Adherence.